BAKGRUNN (fra kommisjonsforordningen)

(1) Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 lays down the requirements for pilots who are involved in the operation of aircraft referred to in Article 2(1), points (b)(i) and (ii), of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139.
(2) Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 lays down technical requirements and administrative procedures related to air operations.
(3) In accordance with Article 140(2), point (b), of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139, Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 is to be adapted to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 as regards the definition of complex motor-powered aircraft which was included in Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council, repealed by Regulation (EU) 2018/1139. Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 should therefore be amended accordingly.

(4) As regards single-engine aeroplanes, Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 should be amended to reflect the latest technical developments and to consider future designs, such as electric engines and hybrid engine designs, consisting of both thermal and electric engine components.
(5) Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 should also be amended to clarify and to update its provisions, based on issues highlighted to the European Union Aviation Safety Agency by its advisory bodies, revealed during monitoring and implementation support activities, or identified to be problematic specifically for general aviation or aero-medical certification.
(6) When simplifying the requirements for revalidating the privileges of a mountain rating, appropriate transitional provisions should be put in place to ensure a smooth transition from the current to the future applicable requirements.
(7) The provisions for cruise relief co-pilots in both Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 and Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 should be revised to ensure adequate training of such pilots and to establish appropriate operating procedures for the transfer of authority between flight crew members.
(8) The provisions for pilots who have reached the age of 60 and who are involved in single-pilot helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) operations in both Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 and Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 should be revised to facilitate a higher coverage of HEMS operations thus balancing the need for enhanced availability of medical services with the risks of operations with pilots over the age of 60.
(9) Since medical research requires strict protocols, the provisions of Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 and Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 related to special medical circumstances should be revised to ensure that they are fit for purpose, do not adversely impact flight safety and ensure compliance with established medical research principles.
(10) The provisions allowing persons to apply for a change of their competent authority should be revised to be applicable also to medical certificate holders who have not yet been issued with a licence.
(11) Since the International Civil Aviation Organization recommends the assessment of health risk factors and preventive advice, medical requirements should be revised to enable the assessment of health risks and especially the cardiovascular risk factors.
(12) The provisions for aero-medical assessment should be revised to ensure that they give proper consideration to the degenerative effects of ageing on the body systems.
(13) Amendments to requirements for medical certificates, for aero-medical examiners and for aero-medical centres, as well as amendments related to age limitations for pilots engaged in HEMS, should apply with deferral, to give Member States’ competent authorities time that is needed to prepare for the implementation of those regulatory changes. 

(14) The European Union Aviation Safety Agency has prepared draft implementing rules and submitted them to the Commission with Opinion No 05/2023 in accordance with Article 75(2), points (b) and (c), and Article 76(1) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139.
(15) The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Committee established by Article 127(1) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139,